A) Identify ONE ideology used to justify imperialism in the period from 1800-190

"Gentlemen, we must speak more loudly and more honestly! We must say openly that indeed the higher races have a right over the lower races.... I repeat, that the superior races have a right because they have a duty. They have the duty to civilize the inferior races. . In the history of earlier centuries these duties, gentlemen, have often been misunderstood; and certainly when the Spanish soldiers and explorers introduced slavery into Central America, they did not fulfill their duty as men of a higher race.... But, in our time, I maintain that European nations acquit themselves with generosity, with grandeur, and with sincerity of this superior civilizing duty. I say that French colonial policy, the policy of colonial expansion, the policy that has taken us under the Empire [the Second Empire, of Napoleon II I], to Saigon, to Indochina [French Southeast Asia], that has led us to Tunisia, to Madagascar—I say that this policy of colonial expansion was inspired by . the fact that a navy such as ours cannot do without safe harbors, defenses, supply centers on the high seas .... Are you unaware of this? Look at a map Of the world."

Explain ONE economic motivation behind European imperialism in the 19th century.

Explain ONE reason, besides religious conversion, missionaries believed they were helping the colonized lands.