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Effects of the Columbian Exchange on Indigenous Peoples

This excerpt describes the devastating impact of European colonization on the indigenous population of Hispaniola, the first settlement founded by Columbus.

Hispaniola, or St. Domingo, was the first settlement founded by Columbus: after he was gone, number of adventurers flocked thither, whose hearts were hardened by avarice and fanaticism. The safety of the Indians never entered the thoughts of these men... The Spaniards who landed on that coast pretended to be civilized, theh standard of Christ was borne before them, and they proclaimed themselves the propagators of his benevolent doctrines. How they practised his precepts may be judged of by the consequences of their arrival. It is computed that Hispaniola then contained a million of Indians; in reducing them to christianity and slavery, immense numbers were massacred by fire arms and blood hounds: when resistance cased, the wretched Indians having excessive tasks imposed upon them, and being forced to work in the mines, were consumed with labor and famine: and the remainder of this hapless race were totally extinguished by the Measles and Small Pox.

An excerpt from the 1815 book The History of the Small Pox by James Carrick Moore. Digital Public Library of America.

Question 1

Short answer

Describe one effect of Spanish settlement in the Americas on Native Americans described in the excerpt.

Question 2

Short answer

Explain one way in which the challenges endured by the Native Americans of Hispaniola changed over time.

Question 3

Short answer

Compare the Spanish treatment of the Native Americans to one other instance of colonization in the period from 1450 to 1750.

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