AP Success - AP European History: British India's Colonial Ethics
"Against misgovernment such as then afflicted Bengal it was impossible to struggle. The superior intelligence and energy of the dominant class made their power irresistible. A war of Bengalees against Englishmen was like a war of sheep against wolves, of men against demons. The only protection which the conquered could find was in the moderation, the clemency, the enlarged policy of the conquerors. That protection, at a later period, they found. But at first English power came among them unaccompanied by English morality. There was an interval between the time at which they became our subjects and the time at which we began to reflect that we were bound to discharge towards them the duties of rulers. During that interval the business of a servant of the Company was simply to wring out of the natives a hundred or two hundred thousand pounds as speedily as possible, that he might return home before his constitution had suffered from the heat, to marry a peer’s daughter, to buy rotten boroughs in Cornwall, and to give balls in St. James’s Square."
Recollections of Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1841
Question 1
According to Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay, what was the initial attitude of Englishmen towards their duties as rulers in Bengal?
They did not reflect on their duties and focused on personal gain.
They were primarily concerned with the moral upliftment of the conquered people.
They immediately recognized and fulfilled their obligations to the local population.
They prioritized the establishment of educational institutions for the Bengalees.
Question 2
What does Macaulay imply was the reason for the ease with which the English dominated Bengal?
The use of advanced weaponry and technology by the English.
The military alliances with neighboring Indian states.
The support of the local population for English rule.
The superior intelligence and energy of the English.
Question 3
Macaulay's description of the Englishmen's activities in Bengal suggests that their primary motivation was:
Long-term settlement and integration with the local community.
Religious conversion of the local population.
Cultural exchange.
Financial enrichment.
Question 4
The metaphor 'a war of sheep against wolves' used by Macaulay in the source is intended to illustrate:
The strategic military tactics employed by the Bengalees.
The futility of Bengalees resisting English power.
The economic competition between local and English merchants.
The peaceful nature of the Bengalees compared to the English.
Question 5
What change does Macaulay suggest occurred in the English approach to ruling Bengal over time?
The English shifted their focus from trade to solely political control.
The English reduced their presence in Bengal, allowing for self-rule.
The English eventually began to consider the moral implications of their rule.
The English decided to leave Bengal due to the challenging climate.
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