AP Success - AP European History: British India's Colonial Ethics

"Against misgovernment such as then afflicted Bengal it was impossible to struggle. The superior intelligence and energy of the dominant class made their power irresistible. A war of Bengalees against Englishmen was like a war of sheep against wolves, of men against demons. The only protection which the conquered could find was in the moderation, the clemency, the enlarged policy of the conquerors. That protection, at a later period, they found. But at first English power came among them unaccompanied by English morality. There was an interval between the time at which they became our subjects and the time at which we began to reflect that we were bound to discharge towards them the duties of rulers. During that interval the business of a servant of the Company was simply to wring out of the natives a hundred or two hundred thousand pounds as speedily as possible, that he might return home before his constitution had suffered from the heat, to marry a peer’s daughter, to buy rotten boroughs in Cornwall, and to give balls in St. James’s Square."
Recollections of Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1841

Question 1

Multiple choice
According to Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay, what was the initial attitude of Englishmen towards their duties as rulers in Bengal?
  • They prioritized the establishment of educational institutions for the Bengalees.

  • They immediately recognized and fulfilled their obligations to the local population.

  • They were primarily concerned with the moral upliftment of the conquered people.

  • They did not reflect on their duties and focused on personal gain.

Question 2

Multiple choice
What does Macaulay imply was the reason for the ease with which the English dominated Bengal?
  • The superior intelligence and energy of the English.

  • The support of the local population for English rule.

  • The military alliances with neighboring Indian states.

  • The use of advanced weaponry and technology by the English.

Question 3

Multiple choice
Macaulay's description of the Englishmen's activities in Bengal suggests that their primary motivation was:
  • Financial enrichment.

  • Cultural exchange.

  • Religious conversion of the local population.

  • Long-term settlement and integration with the local community.

Question 4

Multiple choice
The metaphor 'a war of sheep against wolves' used by Macaulay in the source is intended to illustrate:
  • The peaceful nature of the Bengalees compared to the English.

  • The economic competition between local and English merchants.

  • The futility of Bengalees resisting English power.

  • The strategic military tactics employed by the Bengalees.

Question 5

Multiple choice
What change does Macaulay suggest occurred in the English approach to ruling Bengal over time?
  • The English decided to leave Bengal due to the challenging climate.

  • The English eventually began to consider the moral implications of their rule.

  • The English reduced their presence in Bengal, allowing for self-rule.

  • The English shifted their focus from trade to solely political control.

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