Gas and World War I
The excerpt from Vera Brittain's A Testament of Youth, written in 1918, provides a harrowing account of the devastating effects of mustard gas on soldiers during World War I.
Sometimes in the middle of the night we have to turn people out of bed and make them sleep on the floor to make room for the more seriously ill ones who have come down from the line. We have heaps of gassed cases at present : there are 10 in this ward alone. I wish those people who write so glibly about this being a holy war, and the orators who talk so much about going on no matter how long the war lasts and what it may mean, could see a case - to say nothing of 10 cases of mustard gas in its early stages - could see the poor things all burnt and blistered all over with great suppurating blisters, with blind eyes - sometimes temporally, some times permanently - all sticky and stuck together, and always fighting for breath, their voices a whisper, saying their throats are closing and they know they are going to choke.
The strain is very, very great. The enemy is within shelling distance - refugee sisters crowding in with nerves all awry - bright moonlight, and aeroplanes carrying machine guns - ambulance trains jolting into the siding, all day, all night - gassed men on stretchers clawing the air - dying men reeking with mud and foul green stained bandages, shrieking and writhing in a grotesque travesty of manhood - dead men with fixed empty eyes and shiny yellow faces.
An Excerpt from A Testament of Youth, 1918
Question 1
Identify one technological change in warfare expressed in the excerpt.
Question 2
Describe one way the technological change described in the excerpt changed the course of World War I.
Question 3
Explain one way that World War I could be considered "the Great War" or "the War to End All Wars".
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