AP Success - AP European History: Ho Chi Minh's Independence Declaration
Ho Chi Minh, Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, September 1945"All men are created equal. They are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, among them are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness." This immortal statement was made in the Declaration of Independence of the United States of America in 1776. In a broader sense, this means: All the peoples on the earth are equal from birth, all the peoples have a right to live, to be happy and free. The Declaration of the French Revolution made in 1791 on the Rights of Man and the Citizen also states: “All men are born free and with equal rights, and must always remain free and have equal rights.” Those are undeniable truths."
Question 1
Which Enlightenment principle is most directly reflected in the excerpt from Ho Chi Minh's Declaration of Independence?
The importance of the balance of power
The divine right of kings
The necessity of a strong centralized state
Natural rights of man
Question 2
The reference to the Declaration of the French Revolution is indicative of Ho Chi Minh's attempt to:
Associate the Vietnamese struggle for independence with the universal struggle for human rights
Argue for the economic benefits of independence from colonial rule
Promote the spread of communism as an alternative to Western democracy
Undermine the legitimacy of colonial powers by highlighting their failure to uphold Enlightenment values
Question 3
Ho Chi Minh's invocation of the American Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen suggests that:
Colonized peoples sought to use the ideological foundations of their colonizers to justify their own independence
The United States and France were actively supporting Vietnamese independence in 1945
Vietnam was looking to adopt a government identical to that of the United States or France
The Vietnamese independence movement was disconnected from broader global ideological trends
Question 4
The excerpt from Ho Chi Minh's Declaration of Independence is an example of:
The establishment of a new form of government unrelated to Western precedents
The rejection of Western values in favor of traditional Vietnamese principles
The dominance of European powers in dictating the political development of their colonies
The influence of Western political philosophy on anti-colonial movements
Question 5
The use of the phrase "undeniable truths" in the context of the Vietnamese struggle for independence reflects:
A direct challenge to the authority of the United Nations
An endorsement of the status quo of colonial rule in Asia
An appeal to universal principles to legitimize the call for sovereignty
A legal argument based on Vietnamese customary law
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