AP Success - AP US History: The Great Migration and the Chicago Defender

Many factors drove the Great Migration of African Americans out of the South, including newspapers.

Source 1

In the first half of the 20th century, the Chicago Defender newspaper...drew tens of thousands of African Americans to Chicago...It spurred, shaped, and gave voice to the Great Migration of black Southerners to the urban North…

Robert S. Abbott founded the Chicago Defender in May of 1905...The Defender highlighted issues of racism and discrimination as well as stories of black social and economic progress...At its height, it had grown into a daily publication with a national circulation of over 500,000 - the largest black-owned newspaper in the nation.

The Defender created distribution networks in northern urban centers...In the South...The paper depended on an underground network of Pullman porters, who traveled south with copies of the Defender...Through this ad-hoc distribution, hundreds of thousands of black southerners had access to the newspaper...

Remembering the Chicago Defender, Print Edition (1905 - 2019). National Museum of African American History and Culture. Smithsonian.

Question 1

Short answer

Briefly describe ONE way the Chicago Defender impacted the African American community in the early 20th century.

Question 2

Short answer

Briefly explain ONE historical development in the early 20th century that gave rise to publications such as the Chicago Defender.

Question 3

Short answer

Briefly explain ONE way the Chicago Defender impacted the Great Migration.

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